Tag: romanzi

Bisbigliare amore dal centro del mondo

Un giorno andai all’ospedale e Aki stava ancora dormendo. Era sola, non c’era nemmeno sua madre a farle  compagnia. Seduto vicino a lei studiavo il suo viso mentre dormiva: era pallido per l’anemia. Le tende color crema erano tirate. Aki, con gli occhi chiusi, era leggermente voltata sull’altro lato, per evitare la luce che filtrava, volteggiando per la stanza come minuscole ali di farfalla che si posavano sul suo volto donando alla sua espressione gentili sfumature. Continuai a osservarla come se stessi ammirando un bene prezioso. Poi mi prese l’inquietudine.
Sembrava che da quel sonno tranquillo si alzasse un seme di papavero, una piccolissima morte, quasi invisibile. Nell’ora di disegno, se uno fissava il foglio candido sotto il sole splendente, aveva l’impressione che si ricoprisse di piccolissimi puntini neri. Ecco, la sensazione era la stessa.
Chiamai il suo nome: << Aki>>.
Una volta e un’altra ancora. Tante volte. Allora lei si mosse appena, quasi lo cercasse, quel nome.

(Katayama Kyōichi, Gridare amore dal centro del mondo, pp. 94-95)

Prima di leggere Gridare amore dal centro del mondo di Katayama Kyōichi (Salani, pp. 162, € 9,90; in offerta su Amazon.it a 8,50 €; ne esiste anche una versione manga con disegni di Kazui Kazumi e un film), desumevo dal titolo che trattasse di una storia accesa, bruciante: gridata, appunto. In realtà, si è rivelato un romanzo sommesso, bisbigliato tra un ricordo e l’altro.
A prima vista la trama è quanto di più facile si possa immaginare: la giovanissima Aki scopre di essere ammalata di una grave forma di leucemia, e il suo ragazzo Sakutarō – anch’egli liceale – non riesce a farsene una ragione. Non può accettare che il loro amore – semplice e contraddittorio come solo quello adolescenziale sa essere – sia incapace di evitare una catastrofe simile; non vuole trascorrere il resto dell’esistenza con la speranza di potersi ricongiungere ad Aki in un improbabile aldilà, come da cinquant’anni sta facendo il suo nonno paterno, costretto in gioventù a rinunciare alla donna che avrebbe voluto sposare.
Chi muore in età precoce è caro agli dèi, credevano gli antichi greci, ma qui non c’è alcuna traccia di divinità; anzi, in alcuni momenti sembrerebbe che tutto l’universo sia ostinatamente sordo alle preghiere innalzate al cielo per trattenere la fanciulla ancora un po’ su questa terra.
La sostanza del libro sembra però essere altrove. Non dimora nella disperazione delle famiglie, né nel racconto d’un autunno inesorabile che si specchia nel nomen omen (il nome-destino) di Aki*, e neppure forse nello stato di apatia e incertezza esistenziale che opprime Sakutarō. Il succo vivo e agrodolce dell’opera è distillato piuttosto nelle istantanee che scandiscono un amore profondo e in evoluzione: gli appuntamenti quotidiani attesi con trepidazione, i baci dati di nascosto, il desiderio e il timore di scoprire il corpo dell’altro.
Quali siano le ingenuità da imputare agli schietti sentimenti del giovane e quali alla penna d’uno scrittore che sa bene quali corde del cuore del lettore toccare, probabilmente non è dato saperlo. I simbolismi troppo evidenti (un amore che trionfa in primavera ed è funestato dalla morte alle soglie dell’inverno; la speranza di una nuova vita che risorge con la fioritura dei ciliegi; etc.) e i segnali d’un’ingiusta predestinazione forzano la narrazione; è difficile però rimanere del tutto freddi dinanzi a una storia che risveglia  le nostre più intime paure.

*Aki, infatti, significa ‘autunno’ in giapponese. Nel romanzo è però detto che l’ideogramma con cui è scritto il nome della ragazza vuole in realtà riferirsi a hakuaki, l’era cretacea. Spiega infatti al fidanzato:  <<Fra le ere geologiche è quella in cui sono nate e prosperate nuove specie di piante e animali. Come i dinosauri o le felci. Mi hanno chiamato così con l’augurio che anche io, come questi esseri, potessi prosperare.>>.

 

Primavera, estate, autunno, inverno

In questa sera di fine estate, col vento che attraversa lentamente le foglie e gli ultimi boccioli del mio balcone, mi è venuto in mente un bel brano tratto dal romanzo La luce della luna di Nagai Kafū:

I giorni non sono mai lunghi abbastanza per chi ama il proprio giardino e Nanso¯ era perennemente occupato a dare il benvenuto e l’addio a centinaia di diverse varietà floreali. Non faceva in tempo a posare lo sguardo e indugiare sul fresco verde delle cime degli alberi, che il giardino diventava scuro per le piogge di stagione e se i prugni ormai maturi cominciavano a cadere di mattina, entro sera le foglie della mimosa si erano arrotolate nel sonno. Sotto il raggiante sole di mezzogiorno, l’albero di melograno sembrava risplendere di germogli e la terra era cosparsa dei petali di brugmansia. A tarda sera, dalle sagome scure delle piante acquatiche intrise di rugiada, provenivano i flebili versi degli insetti che preannunciavano l’arrivo dell’autunno.
Primavera, estate, autunno e inverno… non era poi così diverso dal leggere le poesie stagionali di un libro di haiku.

“Town of Cats”: un lungo estratto tradotto in inglese da “1q84” di Murakami

I fan di Murakami attendono con impazienza da più di un anno la traduzione italiana del suo ultimo grande romanzo, 1q84, che dovrebbe teoricamente uscire in autunno per i tipi dell’Einaudi. Per placare momentaneamente la loro fame,  propongo oggi un lungo brano pubblicato in inglese da <<The New Yorker>>, tratto proprio da 1q84, e intitolato Town of Cats. Buona lettura.

At Koenji Station, Tengo boarded the Chuo Line inbound rapid-service train. The car was empty. He had nothing planned that day. Wherever he went and whatever he did (or didn’t do) was entirely up to him. It was ten o’clock on a windless summer morning, and the sun was beating down. The train passed Shinjuku, Yotsuya, Ochanomizu, and arrived at Tokyo Central Station, the end of the line. Everyone got off, and Tengo followed suit. Then he sat on a bench and gave some thought to where he should go. “I can go anywhere I decide to,” he told himself. “It looks as if it’s going to be a hot day. I could go to the seashore.” He raised his head and studied the platform guide.

At that point, he realized what he had been doing all along.

He tried shaking his head a few times, but the idea that had struck him would not go away. He had probably made up his mind unconsciously the moment he boarded the Chuo Line train in Koenji. He heaved a sigh, stood up from the bench, and asked a station employee for the fastest connection to Chikura. The man flipped through the pages of a thick volume of train schedules. He should take the 11:30 special express train to Tateyama, the man said, and transfer there to a local; he would arrive at Chikura shortly after two o’clock. Tengo bought a Tokyo-Chikura round-trip ticket. Then he went to a restaurant in the station and ordered rice and curry and a salad.

Going to see his father was a depressing prospect. He had never much liked the man, and his father had no special love for him, either. He had retired four years earlier and, soon afterward, entered a sanatorium in Chikura that specialized in patients with cognitive disorders. Tengo had visited him there no more than twice—the first time just after he had entered the facility, when a procedural problem required Tengo, as the only relative, to be there. The second visit had also involved an administrative matter. Two times: that was it.

The sanatorium stood on a large plot of land by the coast. It was an odd combination of elegant old wooden buildings and new three-story reinforced-concrete buildings. The air was fresh, however, and, aside from the roar of the surf, it was always quiet. An imposing pine grove formed a windbreak along the edge of the garden. And the medical facilities were excellent. With his health insurance, retirement bonus, savings, and pension, Tengo’s father could probably spend the rest of his life there quite comfortably. He might not leave behind any sizable inheritance, but at least he would be taken care of, for which Tengo was tremendously grateful. Tengo had no intention of taking anything from him or giving anything to him. They were two separate human beings who had come from—and were heading toward—entirely different places. By chance, they had spent some years of life together—that was all. It was a shame that it had come to that, but there was absolutely nothing that Tengo could do about it.

Tengo paid his check and went to the platform to wait for the Tateyama train. His only fellow-passengers were happy-looking families heading out for a few days at the beach.

Most people think of Sunday as a day of rest. Throughout his childhood, however, Tengo had never once viewed Sunday as a day to enjoy. For him, Sunday was like a misshapen moon that showed only its dark side. When the weekend came, his whole body began to feel sluggish and achy, and his appetite would disappear. He had even prayed for Sunday not to come, though his prayers were never answered.

When Tengo was a boy, his father was a collector of subscription fees for NHK—Japan’s quasi-governmental radio and television network—and, every Sunday, he would take Tengo with him as he went door to door soliciting payment. Tengo had started going on these rounds before he entered kindergarten and continued through fifth grade without a single weekend off. He had no idea whether other NHK fee collectors worked on Sundays, but, for as long as he could remember, his father always had. If anything, his father worked with even more enthusiasm than usual, because on Sundays he could catch the people who were usually out during the week.

Tengo’s father had several reasons for taking him along on his rounds. One reason was that he could not leave the boy at home alone. On weekdays and Saturdays, Tengo could go to school or to day care, but these institutions were closed on Sundays. Another reason, Tengo’s father said, was that it was important for a father to show his son what kind of work he did. A child should learn early on what activity was supporting him, and he should appreciate the importance of labor. Tengo’s father had been sent out to work in the fields on his father’s farm, on Sunday like any other day, from the time he was old enough to understand anything. He had even been kept out of school during the busiest seasons. To him, such a life was a given.

Tengo’s father’s third and final reason was a more calculating one, which was why it had left the deepest scars on his son’s heart. Tengo’s father was well aware that having a small child with him made his job easier. Even people who were determined not to pay often ended up forking over the money when a little boy was staring up at them, which was why Tengo’s father saved his most difficult routes for Sunday. Tengo sensed from the beginning that this was the role he was expected to play, and he absolutely hated it. But he also felt that he had to perform it as cleverly as he could in order to please his father. If he pleased his father, he would be treated kindly that day. He might as well have been a trained monkey.

Tengo’s one consolation was that his father’s beat was fairly far from home. They lived in a suburban residential district outside the city of Ichikawa, and his father’s rounds were in the center of the city. At least he was able to avoid doing collections at the homes of his classmates. Occasionally, though, while walking in the downtown shopping area, he would spot a classmate on the street. When this happened, he ducked behind his father to keep from being noticed.

On Monday mornings, his school friends would talk excitedly about where they had gone and what they had done the day before. They went to amusement parks and zoos and baseball games. In the summer, they went swimming, in the winter skiing. But Tengo had nothing to talk about. From morning to evening on Sundays, he and his father rang the doorbells of strangers’ houses, bowed their heads, and took money from whoever came to the door. If people didn’t want to pay, his father would threaten or cajole them. If they tried to talk their way out of paying, his father would raise his voice. Sometimes he would curse at them like stray dogs. Such experiences were not the sort of thing that Tengo could share with friends. He could not help feeling like a kind of alien in the society of middle-class children of white-collar workers. He lived a different kind of life in a different world. Luckily, his grades were outstanding, as was his athletic ability. So even though he was an alien he was never an outcast. In most circumstances, he was treated with respect. But whenever the other boys invited him to go somewhere or to visit their homes on a Sunday he had to turn them down. Soon, they stopped asking.

Born the third son of a farming family in the hardscrabble Tohoku region, Tengo’s father had left home as soon as he could, joining a homesteaders’ group and crossing over to Manchuria in the nineteen-thirties. He had not believed the government’s claims that Manchuria was a paradise where the land was vast and rich. He knew enough to realize that “paradise” was not to be found anywhere. He was simply poor and hungry. The best he could hope for if he stayed at home was a life on the brink of starvation. In Manchuria, he and the other homesteaders were given some farming implements and small arms, and together they started cultivating the land. The soil was poor and rocky, and in winter everything froze. Sometimes stray dogs were all they had to eat. Even so, with government support for the first few years they managed to get by. Their lives were finally becoming more stable when, in August, 1945, the Soviet Union launched a full-scale invasion of Manchuria. Tengo’s father had been expecting this to happen, having been secretly informed of the impending situation by a certain official, a man he had become friendly with. The minute he heard the news that the Soviets had violated the border, he mounted his horse, galloped to the local train station, and boarded the second-to-last train for Da-lien. He was the only one among his farming companions to make it back to Japan before the end of the year.

After the war, Tengo’s father went to Tokyo and tried to make a living as a black marketeer and as a carpenter’s apprentice, but he could barely keep himself alive. He was working as a liquor-store deliveryman in Asakusa when he bumped into his old friend the official he had known in Manchuria. When the man learned that Tengo’s father was having a hard time finding a decent job, he offered to recommend him to a friend in the subscription department of NHK, and Tengo’s father gladly accepted. He knew almost nothing about NHK, but he was willing to try anything that promised a steady income.

At NHK, Tengo’s father carried out his duties with great gusto. His foremost strength was his perseverance in the face of adversity. To someone who had barely eaten a filling meal since birth, collecting NHK fees was not excruciating work. The most hostile curses hurled at him were nothing. Moreover, he felt satisfaction at belonging to an important organization, even as one of its lowest-ranking members. His performance and attitude were so outstanding that, after a year as a commissioned collector, he was taken directly into the ranks of the full-fledged employees, an almost unheard-of achievement at NHK. Soon, he was able to move into a corporation-owned apartment and join the company’s health-care plan. It was the greatest stroke of good fortune he had ever had in his life.

Young Tengo’s father never sang him lullabies, never read books to him at bedtime. Instead, he told the boy stories of his actual experiences. He was a good storyteller. His accounts of his childhood and youth were not exactly pregnant with meaning, but the details were lively. There were funny stories, moving stories, and violent stories. If a life can be measured by the color and variety of its episodes, Tengo’s father’s life had been rich in its own way, perhaps. But when his stories touched on the period after he became an NHK employee they suddenly lost all vitality. He had met a woman, married her, and had a child—Tengo. A few months after Tengo was born, his mother had fallen ill and died. His father had raised him alone after that, while working hard for NHK. The End. How he happened to meet Tengo’s mother and marry her, what kind of woman she was, what had caused her death, whether her death had been an easy one or she had suffered greatly—Tengo’s father told him almost nothing about such matters. If he tried asking, his father just evaded the questions. Most of the time, such questions put him in a foul mood. Not a single photograph of Tengo’s mother had survived.

Tengo fundamentally disbelieved his father’s story. He knew that his mother hadn’t died a few months after he was born. In his only memory of her, he was a year and a half old and she was standing by his crib in the arms of a man other than his father. His mother took off her blouse, dropped the straps of her slip, and let the man who was not his father suck on her breasts. Tengo slept beside them, his breathing audible. But, at the same time, he was not asleep. He was watching his mother.

This was Tengo’s photograph of his mother. The ten-second scene was burned into his brain with perfect clarity. It was the only concrete information he had about her, the one tenuous connection his mind could make with her. He and she were linked by this hypothetical umbilical cord. His father, however, had no idea that this vivid scene existed in Tengo’s memory, or that, like a cow in a meadow, Tengo was endlessly regurgitating fragments of it to chew on, a cud from which he obtained essential nutrients. Father and son: each was locked in a deep, dark embrace with his own secrets.

As an adult, Tengo often wondered if the young man sucking on his mother’s breasts in his vision was his biological father. This was because Tengo in no way resembled his father, the stellar NHK collections agent. Tengo was a tall, strapping man with a broad forehead, a narrow nose, and tightly balled ears. His father was short and squat and utterly unimpressive. He had a small forehead, a flat nose, and pointed ears like a horse’s. Where Tengo had a relaxed and generous look, his father appeared nervous and tightfisted. Comparing the two of them, people often openly remarked on their dissimilarity.

Still, it was not their physical features that made it difficult for Tengo to identify with his father but their psychological makeup. His father showed no sign at all of what might be called intellectual curiosity. True, having been born in poverty he had not had a decent education. Tengo felt a degree of pity for his father’s circumstances. But a basic desire to obtain knowledge—which Tengo assumed to be a more or less natural urge in people—was lacking in the man. He had a certain practical wisdom that enabled him to survive, but Tengo could discern no hint of a willingness in his father to deepen himself, to view a wider, larger world. Tengo’s father never seemed to suffer discomfort from the stagnant air of his cramped little life. Tengo never once saw him pick up a book. He had no interest in music or movies, and he never took a trip. The only thing that seemed to interest him was his collection route. He would make a map of the area, mark it with colored pens, and examine it whenever he had a spare moment, the way a biologist might study chromosomes.

Tengo, by contrast, was curious about everything. He absorbed knowledge from a broad range of fields with the efficiency of a power shovel scooping earth. He had been regarded as a math prodigy from early childhood, and he could solve high-school math problems by the time he was in third grade. Math was, for young Tengo, an effective means of retreat from his life with his father. In the mathematical world, he would walk down a long corridor, opening one numbered door after another. Each time a new spectacle unfolded before him, the ugly traces of the real world would simply disappear. As long as he was actively exploring that realm of infinite consistency, he was free.

While math was like a magnificent imaginary building for Tengo, literature was a vast magical forest. Math stretched infinitely upward toward the heavens, but stories spread out before him, their sturdy roots stretching deep into the earth. In this forest there were no maps, no doorways. As Tengo got older, the forest of story began to exert an even stronger pull on his heart than the world of math. Of course, reading novels was just another form of escape—as soon as he closed the book, he had to come back to the real world. But at some point he noticed that returning to reality from the world of a novel was not as devastating a blow as returning from the world of math. Why was that? After much thought, he reached a conclusion. No matter how clear things might become in the forest of story, there was never a clear-cut solution, as there was in math. The role of a story was, in the broadest terms, to transpose a problem into another form. Depending on the nature and the direction of the problem, a solution might be suggested in the narrative. Tengo would return to the real world with that suggestion in hand. It was like a piece of paper bearing the indecipherable text of a magic spell. It served no immediate practical purpose, but it contained a possibility.

The one possible solution that Tengo was able to decipher from his readings was this one: My real father must be somewhere else. Like an unfortunate child in a Dickens novel, Tengo had perhaps been led by strange circumstances to be raised by this impostor. Such a possibility was both a nightmare and a great hope. After reading “Oliver Twist,” Tengo plowed through every Dickens volume in the library. As he travelled through Dickens’s stories, he steeped himself in reimagined versions of his own life. These fantasies grew ever longer and more complex. They followed a single pattern, but with infinite variations. In all of them, Tengo would tell himself that his father’s home was not where he belonged. He had been mistakenly locked in this cage, and someday his real parents would find him and rescue him. Then he would have the most beautiful, peaceful, and free Sundays imaginable.

Tengo’s father prided himself on his son’s excellent grades, and boasted of them to people in the neighborhood. At the same time, however, he showed a certain displeasure with Tengo’s brightness and talent. Often when Tengo was at his desk, studying, his father would interrupt him, ordering the boy to do chores or nagging him about his supposedly offensive behavior. The content of his father’s nagging was always the same: here he was, running himself ragged every day, covering huge distances and enduring people’s curses, while Tengo did nothing but take it easy all the time, living in comfort. “They had me working my tail off when I was your age, and my father and older brothers would beat me black and blue for anything at all. They never gave me enough food. They treated me like an animal. I don’t want you thinking you’re so special just because you got a few good grades.”

This man is envious of me, Tengo began to think at a certain point. He’s jealous, either of me as a person or of the life I’m leading. But would a father really feel jealousy toward his son? Tengo did not judge his father, but he could not help sensing a pathetic kind of meanness emanating from his words and deeds. It was not that Tengo’s father hated him as a person but, rather, that he hated something inside Tengo, something that he could not forgive.

When the train left Tokyo Station, Tengo took out the paperback that he had brought along. It was an anthology of short stories on the theme of travel and it included a tale called “Town of Cats,” a fantastical piece by a German writer with whom Tengo was not familiar. According to the book’s foreword, the story had been written in the period between the two World Wars.

In the story, a young man is travelling alone with no particular destination in mind. He rides the train and gets off at any stop that arouses his interest. He takes a room, sees the sights, and stays for as long as he likes. When he has had enough, he boards another train. He spends every vacation this way.

One day, he sees a lovely river from the train window. Gentle green hills line the meandering stream, and below them lies a pretty little town with an old stone bridge. The train stops at the town’s station, and the young man steps down with his bag. No one else gets off, and, as soon as he alights, the train departs.

No workers man the station, which must see very little activity. The young man crosses the bridge and walks into the town. All the shops are shuttered, the town hall deserted. No one occupies the desk at the town’s only hotel. The place seems totally uninhabited. Perhaps all the people are off napping somewhere. But it is only ten-thirty in the morning, far too early for that. Perhaps something has caused all the people to abandon the town. In any case, the next train will not come until the following morning, so he has no choice but to spend the night here. He wanders around the town to kill time.

In fact, this is a town of cats. When the sun starts to go down, many cats come trooping across the bridge—cats of all different kinds and colors. They are much larger than ordinary cats, but they are still cats. The young man is shocked by this sight. He rushes into the bell tower in the center of town and climbs to the top to hide. The cats go about their business, raising the shop shutters or seating themselves at their desks to start their day’s work. Soon, more cats come, crossing the bridge into town like the others. They enter the shops to buy things or go to the town hall to handle administrative matters or eat a meal at the hotel restaurant or drink beer at the tavern and sing lively cat songs. Because cats can see in the dark, they need almost no lights, but that particular night the glow of the full moon floods the town, enabling the young man to see every detail from his perch in the bell tower. When dawn approaches, the cats finish their work, close up the shops, and swarm back across the bridge.

By the time the sun comes up, the cats are gone, and the town is deserted again. The young man climbs down, picks one of the hotel beds for himself, and goes to sleep. When he gets hungry, he eats some bread and fish that have been left in the hotel kitchen. When darkness approaches, he hides in the bell tower again and observes the cats’ activities until dawn. Trains stop at the station before noon and in the late afternoon. No passengers alight, and no one boards, either. Still, the trains stop at the station for exactly one minute, then pull out again. He could take one of these trains and leave the creepy cat town behind. But he doesn’t. Being young, he has a lively curiosity and is ready for adventure. He wants to see more of this strange spectacle. If possible, he wants to find out when and how this place became a town of cats.

On his third night, a hubbub breaks out in the square below the bell tower. “Hey, do you smell something human?” one of the cats says. “Now that you mention it, I thought there was a funny smell the past few days,” another chimes in, twitching his nose. “Me, too,” yet another cat says. “That’s weird. There shouldn’t be any humans here,” someone adds. “No, of course not. There’s no way a human could get into this town of cats.” “But that smell is definitely here.”

The cats form groups and begin to search the town like bands of vigilantes. It takes them very little time to discover that the bell tower is the source of the smell. The young man hears their soft paws padding up the stairs. That’s it, they’ve got me! he thinks. His smell seems to have roused the cats to anger. Humans are not supposed to set foot in this town. The cats have big, sharp claws and white fangs. He has no idea what terrible fate awaits him if he is discovered, but he is sure that they will not let him leave the town alive.

Three cats climb to the top of the bell tower and sniff the air. “Strange,” one cat says, twitching his whiskers, “I smell a human, but there’s no one here.”

“It is strange,” a second cat says. “But there really isn’t anyone here. Let’s go and look somewhere else.”

The cats cock their heads, puzzled, then retreat down the stairs. The young man hears their footsteps fading into the dark of night. He breathes a sigh of relief, but he doesn’t understand what just happened. There was no way they could have missed him. But for some reason they didn’t see him. In any case, he decides that when morning comes he will go to the station and take the train out of this town. His luck can’t last forever.

The next morning, however, the train does not stop at the station. He watches it pass by without slowing down. The afternoon train does the same. He can see the engineer seated at the controls. But the train shows no sign of stopping. It is as though no one can see the young man waiting for a train—or even see the station itself. Once the afternoon train disappears down the track, the place grows quieter than ever. The sun begins to sink. It is time for the cats to come. The young man knows that he is irretrievably lost. This is no town of cats, he finally realizes. It is the place where he is meant to be lost. It is another world, which has been prepared especially for him. And never again, for all eternity, will the train stop at this station to take him back to the world he came from.

Tengo read the story twice. The phrase “the place where he is meant to be lost” attracted his attention. He closed the book and let his eyes wander across the drab industrial scene passing by the train window. Soon afterward, he drifted off to sleep—not a long nap but a deep one. He woke covered in sweat. The train was moving along the southern coastline of the Boso Peninsula in midsummer.

One morning when he was in fifth grade, after much careful thinking, Tengo declared that he was going to stop making the rounds with his father on Sundays. He told his father that he wanted to use the time for studying and reading books and playing with other kids. He wanted to live a normal life like everybody else.

Tengo said what he needed to say, concisely and coherently.

His father, of course, blew up. He didn’t give a damn what other families did, he said. “We have our own way of doing things. And don’t you dare talk to me about a ‘normal life,’ Mr. Know-It-All. What do you know about a ‘normal life’?” Tengo did not try to argue with him. He merely stared back in silence, knowing that nothing he said would get through to his father. Finally, his father told him that if he wouldn’t listen then he couldn’t go on feeding him. Tengo should get the hell out.

Tengo did as he was told. He had made up his mind. He was not going to be afraid. Now that he had been given permission to leave his cage, he was more relieved than anything else. But there was no way that a ten-year-old boy could live on his own. When his class was dismissed at the end of the day, he confessed his predicament to his teacher. The teacher was a single woman in her mid-thirties, a fair-minded, warmhearted person. She heard Tengo out with sympathy, and that evening she took him back to his father’s place for a long talk.

Tengo was told to leave the room, so he was not sure what they said to each other, but finally his father had to sheathe his sword. However extreme his anger might be, he could not leave a ten-year-old boy to wander the streets alone. The duty of a parent to support his child was a matter of law.

As a result of the teacher’s talk with his father, Tengo was free to spend Sundays as he pleased. This was the first tangible right that he had ever won from his father. He had taken his first step toward freedom and independence.

At the reception desk of the sanatorium, Tengo gave his name and his father’s name.

The nurse asked, “Have you by any chance notified us of your intention to visit today?” There was a hard edge to her voice. A small woman, she wore metal-framed glasses, and her short hair had a touch of gray.

“No, it just occurred to me to come this morning and I hopped on a train,” Tengo answered honestly.

The nurse gave him a look of mild disgust. Then she said, “Visitors are supposed to notify us before they arrive to see a patient. We have our schedules to meet, and the wishes of the patient must also be taken into account.”

“I’m sorry. I didn’t know.”

“When was your last visit?”

“Two years ago.”

“Two years ago,” she said as she checked the list of visitors with a ballpoint pen in hand. “You mean to say that you have not made a single visit in two years?”

“That’s right,” Tengo said.

“According to our records, you are Mr. Kawana’s only relative.”

“That is correct.”

She glanced at Tengo, but she said nothing. Her eyes were not blaming him, just checking the facts. Apparently, Tengo’s case was not exceptional.

“At the moment, your father is in group rehabilitation. That will end in half an hour. You can see him then.”

“How is he doing?”

“Physically, he’s healthy. It’s in the other area that he has his ups and downs,” she said, tapping her temple with an index finger.

Tengo thanked her and went to wait in the lounge by the entrance, reading more of his book. A breeze passed through now and then, carrying the scent of the sea and the cooling sound of the pine windbreak outside. Cicadas clung to the branches of the trees, screeching their hearts out. Summer was at its height, but the cicadas seemed to know that it would not last long.

Eventually, the bespectacled nurse came to tell Tengo that he could see his father now. “I’ll show you to his room,” she said. Tengo got up from the sofa and, passing by a large mirror on the wall, realized for the first time what a sloppy outfit he was wearing: a Jeff Beck Japan Tour T-shirt under a faded dungaree shirt with mismatched buttons, chinos with specks of pizza sauce near one knee, a baseball cap—no way for a thirty-year-old son to dress on his first hospital visit to his father in two years. Nor did he have anything with him that might serve as a gift on such an occasion. No wonder the nurse had given him that look of disgust.

Tengo’s father was in his room, sitting in a chair by the open window, his hands on his knees. A nearby table held a potted plant with several delicate yellow flowers. The floor was made of some soft material to prevent injury in case of a fall. Tengo did not realize at first that the old man seated by the window was his father. He had shrunk—“shrivelled up” might be more accurate. His hair was shorter and as white as a frost-covered lawn. His cheeks were sunken, which may have been why the hollows of his eyes looked much bigger than they had before. Three deep creases marked his forehead. His eyebrows were extremely long and thick, and his pointed ears were larger than ever; they looked like bat wings. From a distance, he seemed less like a human being than like some kind of creature, a rat or a squirrel—a creature with some cunning. He was, however, Tengo’s father—or, rather, the wreckage of Tengo’s father. The father that Tengo remembered was a tough, hardworking man. Introspection and imagination might have been foreign to him, but he had his own moral code and a strong sense of purpose. The man Tengo saw before him was nothing but an empty shell.

“Mr. Kawana!” the nurse said to Tengo’s father in the crisp, clear tone she must have been trained to use when addressing patients. “Mr. Kawana! Look who’s here! It’s your son, here from Tokyo!”

Tengo’s father turned in his direction. His expressionless eyes made Tengo think of two empty swallow’s nests hanging from the eaves.

“Hello,” Tengo said.

His father said nothing. Instead, he looked straight at Tengo as if he were reading a bulletin written in a foreign language.

“Dinner starts at six-thirty,” the nurse said to Tengo. “Please feel free to stay until then.”

Tengo hesitated for a moment after the nurse left, and then approached his father, sitting down in the chair opposite his—a faded, cloth-covered chair, its wooden parts scarred from long use. His father’s eyes followed his movements.

“How are you?” Tengo asked.

“Fine, thank you,” his father said formally.

Tengo did not know what to say after that. Toying with the third button of his dungaree shirt, he turned his gaze toward the pine trees outside and then back again to his father.

“You have come from Tokyo, is it?” his father asked.

“Yes, from Tokyo.”

“You must have come by express train.”

“That’s right,” Tengo said. “As far as Tateyama. Then I transferred to a local for the trip here to Chikura.”

“You’ve come to swim?” his father asked.

“I’m Tengo. Tengo Kawana. Your son.”

The wrinkles in his father’s forehead deepened. “A lot of people tell lies because they don’t want to pay their NHK subscription fee.”

“Father!” Tengo called out to him. He had not spoken the word in a very long time. “I’m Tengo. Your son.”

“I don’t have a son,” his father declared.

“You don’t have a son,” Tengo repeated mechanically.

His father nodded.

“So what am I?” Tengo asked.

“You’re nothing,” his father said with two short shakes of the head.

Tengo caught his breath. He could find no words. Nor did his father have any more to say. Each sat in silence, searching through his own tangled thoughts. Only the cicadas sang without confusion, at top volume.

He may be speaking the truth, Tengo thought. His memory may have been destroyed, but his words are probably true.

“What do you mean?” Tengo asked.

“You are nothing,” his father repeated, his voice devoid of emotion. “You were nothing, you are nothing, and you will be nothing.”

Tengo wanted to get up from his chair, walk to the station, and go back to Tokyo then and there. But he could not stand up. He was like the young man who travelled to the town of cats. He had curiosity. He wanted a clearer answer. There was danger lurking, of course. But if he let this opportunity escape he would have no chance to learn the secret about himself. Tengo arranged and rearranged words in his head until at last he was ready to speak them. This was the question he had wanted to ask since childhood but could never quite manage to get out: “What you’re saying, then, is that you are not my biological father, correct? You are telling me that there is no blood connection between us, is that it?”

“Stealing radio waves is an unlawful act,” his father said, looking into Tengo’s eyes. “It is no different from stealing money or valuables, don’t you think?”

“You’re probably right.” Tengo decided to agree for now.

“Radio waves don’t come falling out of the sky for free like rain or snow,” his father said.

Tengo stared at his father’s hands. They were lined up neatly on his knees. Small, dark hands, they looked tanned to the bone by long years of outdoor work.

“My mother didn’t really die of an illness when I was little, did she?” Tengo asked slowly.

His father did not answer. His expression did not change, and his hands did not move. His eyes focussed on Tengo as if they were observing something unfamiliar.

“My mother left you. She left you and me behind. She went off with another man. Am I wrong?”

His father nodded. “It is not good to steal radio waves. You can’t get away with it, just doing whatever you want.”

This man understands my questions perfectly well. He just doesn’t want to answer them directly, Tengo thought.

“Father,” Tengo addressed him. “You may not actually be my father, but I’ll call you that for now because I don’t know what else to call you. To tell you the truth, I’ve never liked you. Maybe I’ve even hated you most of the time. You know that, don’t you? But, even supposing that there is no blood connection between us, I no longer have any reason to hate you. I don’t know if I can go so far as to be fond of you, but I think that at least I should be able to understand you better than I do now. I have always wanted to know the truth about who I am and where I came from. That’s all. If you will tell me the truth here and now, I won’t hate you anymore. In fact, I would welcome the opportunity not to have to hate you any longer.”

Tengo’s father went on staring at him with expressionless eyes, but Tengo felt that he might be seeing the tiniest gleam of light somewhere deep within those empty swallow’s nests.

“I am nothing,” Tengo said. “You are right. I’m like someone who’s been thrown into the ocean at night, floating all alone. I reach out, but no one is there. I have no connection to anything. The closest thing I have to a family is you, but you hold on to the secret. Meanwhile, your memory deteriorates day by day. Along with your memory, the truth about me is being lost. Without the aid of truth, I am nothing, and I can never be anything. You are right about that, too.”

“Knowledge is a precious social asset,” his father said in a monotone, though his voice was somewhat quieter than before, as if someone had reached over and turned down the volume. “It is an asset that must be amassed in abundant stockpiles and utilized with the utmost care. It must be handed down to the next generation in fruitful forms. For that reason, too, NHK needs to have all your subscription fees and—”

He cut his father short. “What kind of person was my mother? Where did she go? What happened to her?”

His father brought his incantation to a halt, his lips shut tight.

His voice softer now, Tengo went on, “A vision often comes to me—the same one, over and over. I suspect it’s not so much a vision as a memory of something that actually happened. I’m one and a half years old, and my mother is next to me. She and a young man are holding each other. The man is not you. Who he is I have no idea, but he is definitely not you.”

His father said nothing, but his eyes were clearly seeing something else—something not there.

“I wonder if I might ask you to read me something,” Tengo’s father said in formal tones after a long pause. “My eyesight has deteriorated to the point where I can’t read books anymore. That bookcase has some books. Choose any one you like.”

Tengo got up to scan the spines of the volumes in the bookcase. Most of them were historical novels set in ancient times when samurai roamed the land. Tengo couldn’t bring himself to read his father some musty old book full of archaic language.

“If you don’t mind, I’d rather read a story about a town of cats,” Tengo said. “It’s in a book that I brought to read myself.”

“A story about a town of cats,” his father said, savoring the words. “Please read that to me, if it is not too much trouble.”

Tengo looked at his watch. “It’s no trouble at all. I have plenty of time before my train leaves. It’s an odd story. I don’t know if you’ll like it.”

Tengo pulled out his paperback and started reading slowly, in a clear, audible voice, taking two or three breaks along the way to catch his breath. He glanced at his father whenever he stopped reading but saw no discernible reaction on his face. Was he enjoying the story? He could not tell.

“Does that town of cats have television?” his father asked when Tengo had finished.

“The story was written in Germany in the nineteen-thirties. They didn’t have television yet back then. They did have radio, though.”

“Did the cats build the town? Or did people build it before the cats came to live there?” his father asked, speaking as if to himself.

“I don’t know,” Tengo said. “But it does seem to have been built by human beings. Maybe the people left for some reason—say, they all died in an epidemic of some sort—and the cats came to live there.”

His father nodded. “When a vacuum forms, something has to come along to fill it. That’s what everybody does.”

“That’s what everybody does?”

“Exactly.”

“What kind of vacuum are you filling?”

His father scowled. Then he said with a touch of sarcasm in his voice, “Don’t you know?”

“I don’t know,” Tengo said.

His father’s nostrils flared. One eyebrow rose slightly. “If you can’t understand it without an explanation, you can’t understand it with an explanation.”

Tengo narrowed his eyes, trying to read the man’s expression. Never once had his father employed such odd, suggestive language. He always spoke in concrete, practical terms.

“I see. So you are filling some kind of vacuum,” Tengo said. “All right, then, who is going to fill the vacuum that you have left behind?”

“You,” his father declared, raising an index finger and thrusting it straight at Tengo. “Isn’t it obvious? I have been filling the vacuum that somebody else made, so you will fill the vacuum that I have made.”

“The way the cats filled the town after the people were gone.”

“Right,” his father said. Then he stared vacantly at his own outstretched index finger as if at some mysterious, misplaced object.

Tengo sighed. “So, then, who is my father?”

“Just a vacuum. Your mother joined her body with a vacuum and gave birth to you. I filled that vacuum.”

Having said that much, his father closed his eyes and closed his mouth.

“And you raised me after she left. Is that what you’re saying?”

After a ceremonious clearing of his throat, his father said, as if trying to explain a simple truth to a slow-witted child, “That is why I said, ‘If you can’t understand it without an explanation, you can’t understand it with an explanation.’ ”

Tengo folded his hands in his lap and looked straight into his father’s face. This man is no empty shell, he thought. He is a flesh-and-blood human being with a narrow, stubborn soul, surviving in fits and starts on this patch of land by the sea. He has no choice but to coexist with the vacuum that is slowly spreading inside him. Eventually, that vacuum will swallow up whatever memories are left. It is only a matter of time.

Tengo said goodbye to his father just before 6 P.M. While he waited for the taxi to come, they sat across from each other by the window, saying nothing. Tengo had many more questions he wanted to ask, but he knew that he would get no answers. The sight of his father’s tightly clenched lips told him that. If you couldn’t understand something without an explanation, you couldn’t understand it with an explanation. As his father had said.

When the time for him to leave drew near, Tengo said, “You told me a lot today. It was indirect and often hard to grasp, but it was probably as honest and open as you could make it. I should be grateful for that.”

Still his father said nothing, his eyes fixed on the view like a soldier on guard duty, determined not to miss the signal flare sent up by a savage tribe on a distant hill. Tengo tried looking out along his father’s line of vision, but all that was out there was the pine grove, tinted by the coming sunset.

“I’m sorry to say it, but there is virtually nothing I can do for you—other than to hope that the process forming a vacuum inside you is a painless one. I’m sure you have suffered a lot. You loved my mother as deeply as you knew how. I do get that sense. But she left, and that must have been hard on you—like living in an empty town. Still, you raised me in that empty town.”

A pack of crows cut across the sky, cawing. Tengo stood up, went over to his father, and put his hand on his shoulder. “Goodbye, Father. I’ll come again soon.”

With his hand on the doorknob, Tengo turned around one last time and was shocked to see a single tear escaping his father’s eye. It shone a dull silver color under the ceiling’s fluorescent light. The tear crept slowly down his cheek and fell onto his lap. Tengo opened the door and left the room. He took a cab to the station and reboarded the train that had brought him here.

(Translated, from the Japanese, by Jay Rubin.)

Un’inquietante sinfonia: “Musica” di Mishima Yukio

Lo ammetto: così proprio non me lo aspettavo. Probabilmente è stato il titolo a ingannarmi, a farmi credere che si sarebbe trattato di un romanzo piano, senza scossoni, delicato; insomma, per usare una parola vecchio stampo che calza a pennello: garbato.

Ma Musica (trad. di E. Ciccarella, Feltrinelli, pp. 208, € 7,50; ora in offerta cliccando qui su Amazon.it a € 5,62) di Mishima Yukio si rivela in realtà ben altro, malgrado agli esordi dia tutta l’impressione di voler presentarsi soltanto come un puntuale e accurato referto clinico (non a caso, il sottotitolo dell’opera è Un’interpretazione psicoanalitica di un caso di frigidità), stilato in prima persona da un tal dottor Shiomi Kazunori, analista di successo, alle prese con Reiko, giovane paziente ossessionata dalla sua incapacità di abbandonarsi alla soave melodia dell’orgasmo e con una spiccata tendenza alla menzogna.

Man mano che la narrazione procede – sempre all’insegna della lucidità e del rigore scientifico – s’infiltrano nella trama elementi perturbanti in grado di creare scompiglio nella vita e nell’interiorità di chiunque abbia a che fare con Reiko; più la ragazza tenta di avvicinarsi alla verità, più sente il bisogno di confondere se stessa e gli altri, suscitando conflitti e sentimenti ambigui.

Ciò che ne scaturisce è un racconto capace di mettere in discussione non soltanto la presunta normalità sessuale, ma una vasta gamma di valori e di certezze (la sanità della famiglia borghese, i metodi infallibili della psicoanalisi, la purezza dell’amore…), inevitabilmente corrotti dalle vischiose zone d’ombra dell’animo umano.

Novità: “La vergine eterna” di Ōe Kenzaburō

Una bellissima notizia per tutti gli amanti della letteratura giapponese contemporanea: da una settimana è disponibile in libreria La vergine eterna (trad. di Gianluca Coci, Garzanti, pp. 252, € 18,50; cliccando qui in offerta ora su Amazon.it a 13,95) di Ōe Kenzaburō, premio Nobel per la letteratura. Questa la presentazione del romanzo:

La pioggia cessa e il cielo diventa sereno all’improvviso, mentre qualche goccia continua a cadere. L’erba di un verde sfolgorante accarezza i piedi nudi di una bellissima fanciulla dai lunghi e lucidi capelli neri. Fin dalla sua prima giovinezza Kenzaburō Ōe è rimasto incantato dalla scena di questo film. Ma quello che più l’ha folgorato è stata lei, Sakura, attrice al suo debutto di fronte alla macchina da presa. La ragazza è poi diventata una stella del cinema hollywoodiano, specializzata nel ruolo di bellezza orientale, acclamata e adorata da registi e produttori famosi. Molti anni sono passati. Le proteste politiche degli anni Settanta a favore dei diritti dell’uomo stanno infiammando le piazze e le aule universitarie giapponesi. Sakura è ormai un’affermata artista internazionale, sposata a un professore di letteratura americano. Ma il Giappone e le cupe foreste dello Shikoku le sono rimaste nell’anima, insieme al desiderio di celebrarle in un film che la veda insieme protagonista e produttrice. Grande è la sorpresa di Kenzaburō Ōe nell’apprendere che è proprio lui, scrittore emergente, che la donna vuole come sceneggiatore della pellicola, ispirata a un famoso romanzo di Heinrich von Kleist. Un impegno prestigioso e lusinghiero, ma che diventa invece una discesa agli inferi per tutti coloro che vi lavorano. Prima fra tutte Sakura, che tra gli alberi della foresta è costretta a fronteggiare i fantasmi del suo passato. Un passato misterioso e buio, che anche lei credeva di aver dimenticato, ma che affonda le radici proprio in quel lontano giorno di primavera, mentre il suo cuore fremeva dall’emozione per il primo ciak della sua vita.

Anteprima di “High & dry”, il nuovo romanzo di Banana Yoshimoto

E’ finalmente giunto in libreria il nuovo atteso romanzo di Banana Yoshimoto – tradotto dalla bravissima Gala Maria Follaco- High & dry: primo amore (Feltrinelli, pp. 112, € 10; potete ora trovarlo qui su Amazon.it a 6,50), di cui parlerò presto più diffusamente. Per ora godetevi questa anteprima dal libro:

Nei primi giorni dell’autunno dei miei quattordici anni, come se presagissi qualcosa, il mondo mi sembrava risplendere di un colore ben preciso.
Sarà stato il marrone brillante delle castagne e il giallo vivo del loro interno, o l’odore di legno secco dei funghi maitake appena tirati fuori dal sacchetto di carta, o forse il verde e il giallo della zucca, la sua pienezza. Le foglie morte color dell’oro danzavano al soffio del vento nella luce anch’essa dorata, e l’aria era satura dell’odore che sprigionavano, un odore puro, come di qualcosa che è bruciato.
Tutto sembrava tempestato di grani d’oro, molto più del normale.
Quando la pioggia spazzava via la sporcizia dalla strada, l’aria tersa si sollevava come qualcosa di appena nato, e come un essere animato si metteva a vibrare. E tutt’intorno si diffondevano il profumo dell’osmanto, quel freddo che pizzica un po’ il naso, l’odore della terra bagnata. Che splendore, pensavo, sembra che il mondo intero renda omaggio all’autunno. Attraverso tutto ciò, la bellezza che custodivo dentro di me si spingeva con forza verso il mondo. Era una sensazione intensissima.

A quell’epoca ero sempre molto presa dalle mie riflessioni, che la maggior parte delle volte riguardavano il modo e i meccanismi in base ai quali funziona il mondo.

A causa di tutto questo riflettere, quando poi tornavo alla realtà capitava che mi trovassi davanti agli occhi cose strane.
Per esempio, una volta vidi un uomo sospeso sotto un viadotto, con un casco in testa. Vicino a lui non c’era nemmeno l’ombra di una motocicletta. Sorpresa, guardai meglio. Allora l’uomo sparì, e al suo posto c’erano dei mazzi di fiori, portati probabilmente da persone diverse, appoggiati al guardrail.
Ecco, è morto lì… mi dissi, e giunsi le mani con discrezione. Fu un pensiero spontaneo.
E così avevo imparato un’altra cosa.
Portare fiori a un morto non è una perdita di tempo. Quell’uomo stava lì apposta per reggerli. Sicuramente gli facevano bene, e gli arrivava anche il loro profumo.
Oppure, una volta che fissavo distrattamente la schiena di una compagna di classe, mi si materializzò davanti agli occhi la scena di suo padre e sua madre che litigavano. Non sapevo neanche che faccia avessero, eppure li vidi.
Mi chiesi se fosse vero e provai subito simpatia per quella ragazza, che non era nemmeno mia amica. Timidamente pensai: spero che tuo padre e tua madre facciano pace! E così lei, che non parlava quasi mai, durante la ricreazione mi fece un sorriso, e prima di tornare a casa agitò la mano e mi salutò con un “bye-bye!”.
Mi domandai cosa le fosse preso. Forse le persone sono capaci di comunicare anche così, senza che dal di fuori si veda nulla.
Allora è per questo che certe volte, dopo aver incontrato qualcuno apparentemente molto allegro, sentiamo un brivido in fondo al cuore… A volte scoprivo anche cose del genere. […]

Una riflessione inquietante sul femminile: “Il bagno” di Tawada Yōko

E’ bene dirlo subito: ci sono delle storie che non sono per tutti, e Il bagno di Tawada Yōko (ed. Ripostes, pp. 95, 8 €) è una di queste.

Le ragioni sono tante: pochi potrebbero amare le atmosfere vischiose e decadenti che l’autrice dipinge con maestria, le sue lucide allucinazioni, la sofferta ambiguità dei personaggi. Coloro che concepiscono la letteratura come uno spazio piano, solare, razionale sono destinati a rimanere delusi dalla materia magmatica di questo racconto, che si struttura e si decostruisce senza sosta, in un susseguirsi di immagini acuminate e stranianti. Non si tratta, però, di una semplice parata di incubi, ma di un discorso figurativo e letterario che, attraverso l’utilizzo di visioni perturbanti, intende mostrare le difficoltà dell’esser donna, in particolare se di origine giapponese e residente in Europa; Tawada Yōko le conosce bene, dal momento che vive oramai da quasi trent’anni in Germania ed ha avuto modo di sperimentare sulla sua pelle gli stereotipi occidentali circa il femminino orientale.

Pagina dopo pagina, la giovane protagonista del libro – non a caso priva di un nome proprio e incline a riferirsi a se stessa utilizzando la terza persona singolare, come se parlasse di un’altra – è chiamata a confrontarsi con una serie di personaggi che tentano di foggiare per lei un’identità corrispondente ai loro bisogni o ai loro timori.

Ossessionata dal proprio fisico ontologicamente fuori controllo e in perpetuo mutamento (“Si dice che il corpo umano sia composto per l’ottanta per cento di acqua, per cui non c’è da meravigliarsi se ogni mattina allo specchio appare un viso diverso”), la ragazza tenta disperatamente di crearsi un volto e un organismo attraverso inverosimili prodotti di bellezza e ricorrendo agli sguardi indagatori della macchina fotografica di Xander, suo partner, nonché donatore di parola (è lui infatti che le insegna il tedesco, lingua della terra in cui vive) e artefice della donna, modellata affinché corrisponda ai canoni occidentali in materia di fascino nipponico. Gli scatti in cui lei è immortalata risultano in realtà sprovvisti di un soggetto: l’uomo giustifica l’evento inconsueto (“Ciò dipende sicuramente dal fatto che Lei non ha un aspetto abbastanza giapponese”) e modifica di conseguenza l’aspetto della compagna, tingendole i capelli di nero e le labbra di rosso, in ossequio ai più triti luoghi comuni legati al Sol Levante. Non soddisfatto, gestisce il rapporto di coppia con un paio di burattini (lui violinista, lei bambola giapponese rivestita di seta) che manovra a piacere, riducendo del tutto la donna a puro simulacro e contenitore dei suoi desideri.

Una volta acquisita questa identità posticcia, la protagonista si vede derubata anche dell’ultimo baluardo della sua autonomia: lo spettro della donna-ratto – incarnazione dell’individuo emarginato perché non uniformato – le sottrae con l’inganno la lingua, strumento fondamentale per esprimere il proprio pensiero, esercitare la volontà e costruire un io indipendente e libero (solo grazie al suo lavoro di interpete la ragazza potrebbe continuare a mantenersi economicamente, lontana dal proprio paese e da una madre immatura).

Privata dell’identità e ricoperta di squame (segno tangibile di una metamorfosi che la rende sempre più simile a un essere afono e passivo), la giovane è ridotta letteralmente a un fenomeno da baraccone; eppure, persino al circo, viene trattata con sufficienza e crudeltà.

L’incontro con la madre in Giappone, nelle stanze dell’infanzia, approfondisce il baratro: la vecchia che ha davanti, nevrotica e lacrimevole, è la negazione di qualsivoglia modello positivo di redenzione, europeo o nipponico che sia.

La conclusione non può che essere amarissima: la donna, le donne sono costrette dalla società ad alienarsi da sé e a condurre una vita estranea, incapaci di ribellarsi al mutismo e alla reificazione cui sono sottoposte giorno dopo giorno.

Recensione de “La scuola della carne” di Mishima a cura di M. Soldo

Oggi ospito con piacere un contributo di Mariella Soldo (http://mariellasoldo.wordpress.com ), vale a dire la recensione de L’école de la chair (letteralmente La scuola della carne), un libro di Mishima ancora inedito in Italia. Buona lettura.

Il mercato dell’amore: passioni in vendita

L’école de la chair – che tradotto letteralmente vuol dire La scuola della carne – è un romanzo di Mishima non tradotto in Italia, ma ci hanno pensato i nostri cugini francesi, più attenti e sensibili, soprattutto da più tempo rispetto agli italiani, alla cultura orientale. Il testo è stato tradotto direttamente dal giapponese da Yves-Marie e Brigitte Allioux per Folio-Gallimard nel 1993, trent’anni dopo l’uscita del romanzo in Giappone.

Alcune domande restano ancora senza risposta: come mai L’école de la chair non è stato tradotto in Italia? Qual è stata la politica adottata dalle grandi case editrici che hanno pubblicato quasi tutto su Mishima, anche piccoli testi, a non rendere in italiano anche quest’ultimo? È una politica di svista o molto furbamente non si traduce uno scritto per i suoi temi al limite della morale?
Taeko, la protagonista del romanzo, è una donna sulla quarantina, dotata di estremo fascino ed eleganza. Ogni suo gesto, ogni suo movimento, è l’espressione sublime della sensualità: Posò con forza l’anello sul pianoforte e afferrò la punta di uno dei suoi guanti fra i denti, per farlo scivolare più velocemente. L’ebbrezza incominciava a farle girare la testa. “ Smettila, Taeko, finirai per sporcare i guanti con il rossetto!”. – È più erotico così, non trovi?”. La donna fa parte di quella società alto borghese nipponica post-guerra che ha abbandonato le tradizioni del proprio paese per aprirsi totalmente ai costumi dell’occidente. Divorziata, annoiata, Taeko conduce una vita senza margini: libera e indipendente. Possiede una casa di moda, è a contatto con gli alti funzionari dello stato e partecipa assiduamente ai più famosi cocktail mondani. Una sera incontra in un famoso bar frequentato da omosessuali, chiamato non a caso Hyacinthe (Giacinto, sicuramente un riferimento alla mitica leggenda che vede protagonista l’amore di Apollo per Giacinto), il giovane Senkichi “la cui bellezza si incontra raramente in questo mondo”. Il piccolo Sen, come viene comunemente chiamato dai suoi amici, è descritto nel romanzo come una divinità greca, come una statua abilmente scolpita, ma che cela, dietro la sua immortale perfezione, un lato oscuro, quasi impenetrabile, persino alla stessa Taeko: A volte, quando in uno di quei momenti morti lasciava errare il suo sguardo nel vuoto, si sarebbe potuto scorgere, sotto la curva armoniosa delle sue sopracciglia, la malinconia della giovinezza. Il giovane uomo sarebbe disposto a tutto per i soldi, andrebbe a letto con chiunque, pur di arrivare nell’alta società. Il consiglio che Teruko, il travestito con cui Taeko stringe amicizia, è di lasciar perdere. Ma la sensualità che ormai ha invaso ogni cellula del corpo della donna è più forte della paura e del probabile inganno. Dopo un solo sguardo, Senkichi è già in lei, nella sua intimità più nascosta. Taeko decide di sedurlo e di fatto ci riesce.

Dopo i primi incontri, tra i due amanti s’instaura immediatamente una perfetta, ma altrettanto complessa, complicità. Non si abbandonano da subito ai richiami del corpo, si sfiorano e si scrutano con baci intensi, profondi: E quel bacio! La sua bocca conservava il ricordo di un sapore oscuro che prendeva al cuore, un gusto che nessun altro uomo le aveva fatto provare. Sembrava che Taeko non avrebbe mai più potuto dimenticarlo e che, se si fossero separati in questa maniera per sempre, quel bacio sarebbe stato il più lancinante dei ricordi, la tortura permanente del suo cuore. Taeko, immersa nelle ingannevoli dolcezze della passione, teme ogni stante che tutto possa finire da un momento all’altro: Ma si rese subito conto che quella simpatia reciproca che aveva creduto di veder nascere tra lei e Senkichi, quella sensazione che i loro cuori si capivano bene non era altro che una dolce illusione.

Il loro legame diventa uno scambio di male continuo che, paradossalmente, non fa altro che avvicinarli. Taeko e Senkichi s’incontrano così in quel gioco pericoloso che tiene unita la vittima al carnefice, gioco che continua nei sensi, fra candide lenzuola e che permette a Taeko di dimenticare ogni precedente relazione. Il piccolo Sen stava diventando la sua forma assoluta di erotismo e piacere, in cui ogni forma di paragone non è più possibile. Ama la freddezza del giovane uomo, la sua distanza dal mondo e dalle cose, persino la distanza che separava Sen da se stessa, ma più di tutto, la donna è attratta dal potere che il giovane corpo di Senkichi emana, quel potere di eternità, di infinito: Ciò che conta per una donna non è la bellezza, ma la giovinezza.

Per dominare totalmente Sen, Taeko gli chiede di vivere insieme, ma ad una sola condizione, forse la più preziosa per un legame profondo che può nutrirsi in eterno grazie alla leggerezza: Vengo ad abitare qui con te ad una sola condizione. Anche se viviamo insieme non devi assolutamente sconfinare nella mia libertà, altrimenti sarai tu a perdere. È chiaro? – Sì, capisco… ma lo so fin dall’inizio. – Sicuro? Insistette Senkichi. – Perché pensi che si possa limitare la libertà qualcuno come te?

Così Sen non rinuncia per nessuna cosa al mondo alla sua libertà, ma, nonostante i suoi sforzi, a Taeko risulta difficile dominare la sua gelosia, che spesso resta muta, in onore di quel perfido accordo. In casi come questi, la donna deve crearsi un’arma per sopravvivere alla libertà di Senkichi, un’arma diabolica che mette in discussione i suoi sentimenti verso il ragazzo, che dà la morte ai suoi ideali, al suo amore. Per amare Senkichi e non soffrire, Taeko deve giungere alle sue profondità meschine, abbassandosi alla sua superficialità. Lei deve essere necessariamente ciò che non è per tenere stretta a sé Senkichi: Dal momento che per vivere con me devi conservare una totale libertà, ho pensato che posso farlo io, dovrebbe essere la stessa cosa. È la mia unica possibilità di salvezza. I misteri mi fanno orrore, come tutti quei piccoli segreti che finiscono col rendermi nervosa. A partire da adesso, presentami tutte le tue amiche. Posso giurarti che non ti darò fastidio. Ma, in cambio, forse anch’io potrei avere un’avventura, uno di questi giorni, per preservarmi. In quel caso ti presenterò la persona in questione, apertamente, e ti chiederò l’approvazione… Come spiegarti meglio? Credo che siamo giunti a un punto in cui dobbiamo rinunciare a ogni ipocrisia. L’ipocrisia lasciamola alle coppie ordinarie… Dobbiamo essere complici, piuttosto…come dei fuorilegge!
A partire da questo momento, Taeko inizia a indossare una maschera che non le appartiene, mentre Senkichi, con il suo vero volto, maschera di se stesso, inizia il lungo cammino verso l’inganno e la menzogna. La donna tradisce Senkichi con un uomo d’affari, non per desiderio, ma per un volere ben esplicito: colpire gli argini del ragazzo, irrompere nel suo mondo di ghiaccio e finzione, scuoterlo nel petto, nell’anima, nella carne. Aveva venduto il suo corpo per donare a Senkichi uno spettacolo di dolore, così pensava, ma l’uomo reagì con la sua solita freddezza: quelli erano i patti, gli stava bene così! Ma il piccolo Sen tramava qualcosa di più diabolico, che la donna scopre per caso: vuole sposare Satoko, figlia di un uomo molto potente e ricco, ma nel frattempo non rinuncia ai suoi incontri amorosi con altri uomini. Taeko, dopo averlo fatto pedinare da un investigatore privato, ottiene le foto dei suoi rapporti clandestini. Potrebbe ricattarlo e far saltare così il suo matrimonio con la rispettabilissima famiglia Muromachi, ma cede ancora una volta alle debolezze del suo amore e decide addirittura di adottarlo: È tutto finito!

A questo punto Teruko, il travestito che lavora al Hyacinthe, durante l’ultima conversazione con Taeko, apre una questione che resta senza risposta: Anch’io un tempo lo avevo amato, da morire… Ma, comunque, era davvero un uomo orribile! Amore e laidezza possono convivere? Con quali risultati se non quelli del dolore? Cosa ci fa andare oltre quel volto, oltre quell’inganno della bellezza? E di cosa ci innamoriamo realmente, dell’illusione o della realtà? Anche Taeko si pone le stesse domande: Taeko capì immediatamente che quell’essere che aveva tanto amato era soltanto una chimera nata dai suoi stessi sogni. Forse, a volte, la bellezza è così avvolgente che inganna la nostra vista. Forse, nel momento in cui scopriamo, per caso, la bellezza in qualcuno, in realtà, stiamo inventando un romanzo, una finzione. Siamo noi l’inganno o il quadro che abbiamo dinanzi?

Dopo il male, dopo la crudeltà, Taeko abbandona i suoi sogni e sprofonda nuovamente nella purezza della sua solitudine, quel luogo a lei caro, fatto di ricordi, istanti, fotografie di momenti che, a contatto con l’acqua, sbiadiscono: Avrebbe realmente amato l’uomo che le stava di fronte quando sarebbe giunta a metà strada della sua vita, ma lui l’aveva fatta soffrire con una perfidia che oltrepassava ogni immaginazione. La sua cattiveria intrinseca, i suoi calcoli avidi erano così evidenti che non lasciavano più spazio al sogno.

Mishima ci mostra con questo romanzo che non esiste una scuola della carne, che non si può imparare a gestire il mistero della sensualità, perché nella pelle si cela l’inganno dei sensi.

Con delicata crudeltà, l’autore giapponese rappresenta il mercato dell’amore, in quella fredda agorà del cuore dove tutto si vende, persino i sentimenti e dove la passione è una moneta che vale più dell’oro.
Mariella Soldo

Sushi, amore e fantasia: “La cartella del professore” di Kawakami

In questo periodo di gloria dei foodblogger, in cui sembra che il cibo abbia acquisito un nuovo significato a tavola e nella cultura (nonché un significativo ritorno economico, vista la messe di trasmissioni televisive e volumi dedicati all’argomento), mi pare che gli editori nostrani si stiano sforzando di pubblicare libri a sfondo gastronomico, in cui amore e ingredienti vadano a braccetto. E così, dopo Il ristorante dell’amore ritrovato, ci ritroviamo oggi a parlare de La cartella del professore di Kawakami Hiromi (Einaudi, pp. 186, € 18,50; acquistabile, cliccando qui, su Amazon a € 12,03 ). Per leggerne l’incipit, vedi qui.
La quarta di copertina introduce così il libro, fresco di stampa:

Tsukiko ha poco meno di quarant’anni.
Vive sola, e dopo il lavoro frequenta uno dei tanti piccoli locali di Tokyo dove con una modica spesa si possono mangiare ottimi manicaretti e bere qualche bicchiere di  birra o di sake. È un’abitudine molto diffusa fra gli uomini della metropoli, meno fra le donne. In una di queste occasioni incontra il suo insegnante di giapponese, che riconosce, malgrado i tempi del liceo siano ormai lontani, quando lo sente ordinare le stesse pietanze. Tsukiko e il prof, come lei lo chiama, iniziano a parlare e trovano subito un‘intesa nella loro passione per il cibo. Fagioli fermentati con tonno, frittelle di radici di loto, scalogni sotto sale e altre leccornie della delicata cucina giapponese accompagnano gli incontri mai programmati, ma non per questo meno frequenti, di due persone così diverse eppure simili nella quieta accettazione della propria solitudine, e ogni incontro rappresenta un impercettibile avvicinamento, serve a chiarire dubbi e fraintendimenti. Ma la donna fatica a trovare una sua dimensione adulta, e il professore – che è vedovo e ha settanta anni – non riesce a uscire dal suo passato di marito e insegnante. Arriva la stagione dei funghi, le ferie di Capodanno passano senza allegria, poi fioriscono i ciliegi, si organizza una gita che delude le aspettative e termina, come tante serate, nel torpore dell’alcol… Trascorrono così due anni. E dopo infiniti appuntamenti, giunge il momento in cui il prof, nella sua lingua un po’ vecchiotta, con i suoi modi di fare non proprio disinvolti, vince il pudore e chiede a Tsukiko se accetterebbe di frequentarlo «con la prospettiva di stringere una relazione amorosa».
La storia di un amore insolito, e la scoperta di una scrittrice capace di cogliere, senza mai cadere nel sentimentalismo, la dolcezza della vita.

Novità: “Lampi” di Hayashi Fumiko

Colgo la segnalazione di Barbara (che ringrazio) per annunciarvi la recente pubblicazione di Lampi di Hayashi Fumiko (Marsilio, pp. 232, € 15). L’autrice, vissuta nella prima metà del ‘900, si segnalò all’epoca come una delle più originali e anticonformiste: donna di bassa estrazione sociale e per di più figlia illegittima, scrisse di relazioni instabili, di eroine forti e di personaggi al margine della società.
Tornando al romanzo, eccovi la presentazione dell’editore:

Scritto nel 1936, Inazuma (Lampi) segna una tappa fondamentale nell’evoluzione artistica di Hayashi Fumiko, il passaggio da una scrittura più strettamente avvinta all’esperienza personale a una narrativa che vuole essere oggettiva. Una scelta non solo stilistica, ma che tocca nodi profondi e complessi come il rapporto fra gender, genere sessuale, e genre, genere letterario. Al centro del romanzo Kiyoko, il prototipo della giovane donna ribelle, concentrata nella ricerca testarda della propria indipendenza e pur tuttavia piena di contraddizioni nel suo rifiuto di piegarsi all’etica tradizionale che vuole una donna moglie e madre. La sua diversità è scritta nel corpo, nel labbro leporino, la cui cicatrice deturpa un volto altrimenti perfetto; la sua ricerca di una vita diversa, lontana dalla famiglia d’origine e dai modelli di femminilità interpretati dalle sorelle, è problematica, e il suo stesso rifiuto del matrimonio non è rifiuto dell’istituzione, quanto delle pressioni sociali e familiari dalle quali come donna si vede costretta. Romanzo dell’ambiguità, Inazuma si conclude senza dare al lettore alcuna certezza. Kiyoko decide di riprendere gli studi e di trovare un lavoro che le consenta di vivere con dignità, non rifiuta il matrimonio in sé, quanto la realtà familiare nella quale è cresciuta, un rapporto di coppia come quelli che ha visto vivere dalle sorelle. Ma rimane il dubbio che la possibilità di un amore differente le sia precluso dal suo handicap.

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